雙眼Adie瞳孔1例
1、病歷摘要
人群,女,28歲,掛診日期:200六年2月17日。人群6個月時間前出現左眼瞳孔大,不一陣陣視物大概。于兩個月時間前出現雙眸視近物大概,時候出現右眼瞳孔大,曾在相關大醫院掛診初步判斷不清,的安全使用0.5%真瑞眼液滴眼后瞳孔壓縮,近視加大,停止服藥后臨床癥狀重復發作。無繼往病歷,發生在之前未的安全使用過隨便性藥物,無創傷史。查體:遠近視雙眸1.0,近近視右眼0.6、左眼0.5,雙眸近近視正畸+3.00DS=1.0。雙眸結膜無沖血,角膜無色,KP(-)、Tyndall(-),前房常深,瞳孔粗細右眼約6mm、左眼約7mm,雙眸直接性對光全漫光反射強度性面忽閃、外源性全漫光反射強度性面消失了,納米線面有色金屬素粒狀處變不驚,眼眸沒見超時。輻輳全漫光反射強度性面合適,匯合全漫光反射強度性面忽閃。非打交道眼壓計在線測量眼壓:右眼14.3mmHg,左眼12mmHg。雙眸VEP合適。膝腱全漫光反射強度性面合適,跟腱全漫光反射強度性面合適。雙眸滴用0.0625%真瑞眼液,5min1次,共3次,約30min瞳孔壓縮。初步判斷:雙眸Adie瞳孔,無唯一性開展。2、討論
Adie瞳孔又稱強直性瞳孔、精神性瞳孔強直,本征由英國Adie(1931)首先描述。該征50%見于女性,發病年齡20~40歲,單側多見(80%)。患眼瞳孔散大,直、間接瞳孔對光反射完全消失或近乎完全消失,在暗室15~30min后,瞳孔可緩慢的更散大一些,再用強光照射時,瞳孔有極緩慢的縮小,集合反應消失。調節作用損害不重,也有一些患者同時伴有調節障礙。強直性瞳孔對匹羅卡品的反應與濃度及時間有關,Leavitt等①的研究顯示,正常瞳孔對0.25%或0.125%的匹羅卡品反應敏感,而對0.0313%或0.0625%的匹羅卡品反應甚微,滴藥后15min瞳孔開始縮小,30~60min達高峰。因此可用于強直性瞳孔和正常瞳孔的鑒別。目前對Adie瞳孔西藥無有效治療方法,可運用中藥加針刺治療②。此病病因尚不清楚③。其(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)部(bu)位(wei)可能在(zai):(1)睫(jie)(jie)狀(zhuang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)節(jie)以及睫(jie)(jie)狀(zhuang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing),或其(qi)附近(jin)的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian),在(zai)Adie瞳(tong)孔的(de)尸檢(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)例中(zhong)(zhong)曾見(jian)到睫(jie)(jie)狀(zhuang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)節(jie)的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)睫(jie)(jie)狀(zhuang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)節(jie)細胞明顯(xian)減(jian)少(shao);(2)上(shang)頸髓部(bu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian);(3)動(dong)(dong)(dong)眼神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)核病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)。本病(bing)(bing)(bing)需與下列疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)鑒(jian)別(bie)(bie):(1)阿-羅(luo)(luo)(Argyll-Robertson)瞳(tong)孔:在(zai)阿-羅(luo)(luo)瞳(tong)孔中(zhong)(zhong),光反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)失,而調節(jie)發射(she)(she)存在(zai),視力正常;(2)動(dong)(dong)(dong)眼神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)麻痹:動(dong)(dong)(dong)眼神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)麻痹有(you)3個特征(zheng),即(ji)上(shang)瞼(jian)弛(chi)緩性(xing)下垂,眼球(qiu)處于外下斜(xie)位(wei),瞳(tong)孔散大、對光反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)喪(sang)失;(3)小(xiao)(xiao)腦(nao)(nao)幕(mu)裂(lie)孔疝(shan):短期內(nei)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)Adie瞳(tong)孔提示小(xiao)(xiao)腦(nao)(nao)幕(mu)疝(shan)的(de)發生(sheng),腦(nao)(nao)疝(shan)時(shi)還(huan)往往伴有(you)意識障礙、偏癱、去大腦(nao)(nao)強直和(he)生(sheng)命(ming)體征(zheng)的(de)改變(bian)(bian);(4)其(qi)他:眼球(qiu)損傷、青光眼、先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)梅毒(du)、原(yuan)田小(xiao)(xiao)柳病(bing)(bing)(bing)、原(yuan)發性(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)母細胞瘤(liu)及先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)巨(ju)結腸、癔(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、木僵型精神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)分裂(lie)癥(zheng),阿托品中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)等都可以出(chu)(chu)現(xian)Adie瞳(tong)孔,以病(bing)(bing)(bing)史和(he)其(qi)他輔(fu)助(zhu)檢(jian)(jian)查鑒(jian)別(bie)(bie)不難(nan)。常伴有(you)對稱(cheng)性(xing)腱(jian)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)失,以雙側跟(gen)腱(jian)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)失為多見(jian),其(qi)次(ci)為膝反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)。上(shang)肢腱(jian)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)失較少(shao)。通(tong)常無感覺及運動(dong)(dong)(dong)障礙等神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)系統損害和(he)梅毒(du)征(zheng)象。此時(shi)稱(cheng)為虹膜麻痹-腱(jian)反(fan)(fan)射(she)(she)消(xiao)(xiao)失綜合征(zheng),即(ji)Adie綜合征(zheng)。
【參考文獻】
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